Tourette Syndrome/dis

Running head : TOURETTE SYNDROMETourette SyndromeNameCollegeDate Tourette SyndromeTourette syndrome (TS ) is a chronic , familial , neurobiological dis with itsonset in childhood and is marked by presence of free motor movements and sounds , known as motor and vocal tics independently (Bagheri , Kerbeshian Burd , 1999 . According to Lingui-Systems (1999 cited in Prestia , 2003 , approximately 1 in each(prenominal) 2 ,500 individuals suffer from TS , with boys being diagnosed more frequently than girls Tourette s syndrome til now known as Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (after its discoverer Georges Gilles de la Tourette , a French neurologist , lot be considered to be the to the highest degree complex and severe manifestation of the spectrum of tic bruise (Kwak Jankovic , 2002Etiology and PathogenesisThe exact puddle of TS is not known . TS is supposed to bear a multifactorialetiology with , contagious and environmental factors playing an important role in its command . Concordance rate of about 60 in monozygotic twins and 10 in dizygotic twins home(a) genetic basis behind TS (Bagheri et al , 1999 . The mode of transmittal system of Tourette s syndrome is controversial . Though the exact patho-physiological mechanism implicit in(p) the affection has yet not been discovered , abnormalities in immoral ganglia (shown in figure 1 ) and frontal cortex have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Tourette s syndrome (Bagheri et al Abnormality in secretion of neuro-transmitters oddly dopamine is also thought to be associated with TS (Bagheri et alFigure1 . brainpower Structures snarled in Tourette SyndromeSource : John Henkel , J (2006 . Food and dose court . Retrieved on 21 April 2007 from http /en .wikipedia .org /wiki /Image :Brain_structure .gifSymptomsTourette s syndrome follows a fluc tuating course in most children Symptomsusua! lly appear at about 6-7 years of age . Many factors like trouble stress , substance abuse etc can intensify tics . tar provoke of tics (both motor and vocal ) is characteristic of TS . According to American psychiatric Association s Diagnostic and Statistical manual of mental unwrap , fourth edition- text revision (DSM-IV-TR , 2000 , tics be defined as sudden , rapid , purposeless , repetitive , non-rhythmic stereotyped movements or vocalizations . Tics in TS are not constantly present (except in extremely severe cases ) and occur on a context of normal motor activity (Kwak Jankovic , 2002 . This dis usually begins with simplex tics which fill ahead over time into more complex ones unlike types of simple and complex tics as described by Bagheri et al (1999 ) which can be seen in patients with TS have been enumerated in control board 1 . Besides TS , tics can be seen associated with other neurologic diss like (encephalitis , Huntington s disease etc . These secondary t ics , not associated with Tourette syndrome are commonly referred to as tourettism (Bagheri et al , 1999Table 1 .Common Types of Tics Seen in Patients with Tourette SyndromeSIMPLE TICS interlinking TICSMotor tics song or phonic tics Motor tics Vocal or phonic ticsEye blinking Throat clearing Flapping weapons talk of the town to oneselfSticking tongue out Sniffing Facial grimacing take for granted different intonationsHead move Barking Adjusting or picking at habiliment Coprolalia blurting out grimy or socially inappropriate...If you want to get a bounteous essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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